The Data Bank
Environmental – Air Danger
Two distinct and independent chemical-physical indexes were identified for
defining environmental danger:
1. Index of erosion.
2. Index of physical stress.
Danger Indexes
With regard to the calculation of the index of erosion (or karst) extensive use
was made of the Lipfert formula, which allowed the loss of material in a unit of
time (µm/year) to be quantified. In the application of the formula the incidence of
singles factors on the loss of material was assessed, and it emerged that the factor
that had the most bearing on the loss of material was rain. The vicinity or otherwise
of a particular municipality to the sea should also be considered (coast effect).
In addition to the index of erosion, an index of blackening, based on the influence
of the particulate emissions, was also taken into consideration and the concentration
of which, at a municipal level, could only be estimated approximately by means of a
box model that did not separate the carbonaceous particles, responsible for the
blackening from all the others.
The physical stress index took into account the part of the damage caused by the
interaction of heat and humidity between the environment and the material and the
freeze and thaw cycles.
Sources of data
GENERAL DATA
Structural characteristics of municipalities (
ISTAT 1981, 1985, 1991);
Classification system of the use of the land (
ISTAT 1991)
Population of the municipalities (
ISTAT 1981, 1985, 1991);
Dwellings of the municipalities (
ISTAT 1981, 1991);
Coastal municipalities (
ISTAT T.C.I. [Touring Club of Italy] 1990);
Classification of economic activities (
ISTAT 1991)
Industries of the municipalities (
ISTAT 1981, 1991);
Vehicles in circulation in the municipalities (
ACI [Italian Automobile
Club] 1985, 1990);
Consumption of gas-oil in the provinces for heating(
Ministry of Industry
1985, 1991);
Consumption of gas oil in the municipalities for heating (
ATI MARIS
[BENITALIA, DAM e Italeco Consortium] data 1985, 1991);
Airports (
1991);
Ports (
1985);
Motorways, Km per municipality (
T.C.I. 1985)
Motorways, average theoretical vehicles per section (
ATI MARIS, AISCAT
[Italian Association of Concessionary Companies for Motorways and Tunnels],
T.C.I., Soc. Autostrade [Motorways Group] 1985).
POLLUTION EMISSIONS
Corinair general data.
Corinair widespread provincial emissions (
Ministry of the Environment –
ENEA [Italian National Agency for New Technologies] 1985).
Corinair widespread municipal emissions (
ATI MARIS data 1985).
Large scale facilities (
Ministry of the Environment – ENEA – General Data
Section 1985-89).
Large scale facilities (
Ministry of the Environment – ENEA – Chimneys Data
Section 1985-89).
Large scale facilities (
Ministry of the Environment – ENEA – Estimated
Emissions Data Section 1985-89).
Large scale facilities (
Ministry of the Environment – ENEA – Official Emissions
Data Section 1985-89).
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTION
Network of air quality monitoring systems (
Ministry of the Environment – ENEA –
Statistical Section 1990).
Network of air quality monitoring systems (
Ministry of the Environment – ENEA –
Data Section 1978 - 90).
Network of atmospheric depositions monitoring systems (
Ministry of the
Environment – CNR [National Research Council] – ENEL [Italian National
Electrical Energy Agency] – Statistical Section 1988-92).
Network of atmospheric depositions monitoring systems (
Ministry of the
Environment – CNR - ENEL – Depositions Data 1988-92).
Network of atmospheric depositions monitoring systems (
Ministry of the
Environment – CNR - ENEL – Precipitations Data 1988-92).
Sulphur depositions in the provinces (
ATI MARIS data 1985).
CLIMATE
Maximum monthly temperatures of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA
[Central Office of Agrarian Ecology] 1993).
Minimum monthly temperatures of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA
1993).
Relative monthly humidity of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA 1993).
Precipitations of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA 1993).
Sunshine of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA 1993).
Wind intensity of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA 1993).
Altimetry of nodes (
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests/UCEA 1993).
Nodes – Municipalities (
ATI MARIS data 1993).
Maximum and minimum temperatures of municipalities corrected with the thermal
gradient (
ATI MARIS data 1993).
Direction and intensity of wind at ground level (
Statistical Section –
Italian Air Force 1961 – 90).
Direction and intensity of wind at ground level (
Data Section – Italian
Air Force 1961 – 90).
Thematic maps
Danger of erosion index;
Nord;
Centro;
Sud;
Contribution of rain to the erosion index.
Contribution of sulphur depositions to the erosion index.
Contribution of nitric acid depositions to the erosion index.
Contribution of H ion input to the erosion index.
Contribution of marine aerosol effect to the erosion index.
Index of danger of blackening from atmospheric pollutants.
Nord;
Centro; Sud;
Index of environmental - air danger
Nord;
Centro;
Sud.
