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The Data Bank

Anthropic Danger

Forward reasoning (aimed at confirming whether the anthropic pressure attributed by a given territory is actually dangerous for the items present) was used for Anthropic Danger The anthropic phenomena identified as potentially responsible for the negative effects on the preservation of the cultural heritage were reducible to three thematic areas:

  • Dynamics of the demographic density (understood to mean depopulation and overpopulation).
  • Pressures from tourism;
  • Susceptibility to theft.

    Danger Indexes

    Five Danger Indexes were identified:

  • Index of depopulation.
  • Index of overpopulation.
  • Index of pressure from tourism.
  • Index of susceptibility to theft.
  • Index of summary of anthropic danger.

    Depopulation generally leads to a worsening of the conditions of convenience (economic and social), monitoring, maintenance and development of the item, favouring its progressive and inevitable degradation.

    Excessive increases in population on the other hand, by not guaranteeing those elements that are considered vital for the preservation and usability of the cultural item, results in a potentially harmful impact on the monument and on the area in which it is located.

    Tourist use can pose a serious threat to the preservation of the cultural items, above all in the absence of services, structures and management policies. The tourist-cultural appeal of a municipality (measured in terms of the number of cultural items indicated by the T.C.I.) was taken into consideration for the index of pressures from tourism, as was the circulating mass of cultural tourism (measured in terms of the average number of visitors per annum to the most frequented art institute in a municipality).

    The index of susceptibility to theft coincides with the normalised value of the total number of thefts recorded by Police (Carabinieri) Commands for the protection of the artistic heritage (TPA) between 1981 and 1992.

    Sources of data

    TERRITORY

  • Resident population by municipality (ISTAT 1951, 1991).
  • Municipal surface area (ISTAT 1991).
  • Use of land: urbanised, agricultural, forest, water areas (ISTAT 1991).
  • Occupied and empty dwellings (ISTAT 1991).
  • Dwellings by year of construction (ISTAT 1991).

    VISITORS
  • State museums: number of visitors, paying and free, per month, name and type of institute – municipal data – Ministry for Cultural Items and Activities (ENIT [Italian State Tourist Board] 1990, 1991);
  • Non-state museums: number of visitors, paying and non-paying, per month, name and type of institute – municipal data - (ENIT 1988, 1991);

    TOURISM
  • Hotel accommodation, number of beds and rooms per category – municipal data – ISTAT (ENIT 1990);
  • Hotel accommodation: number of days/beds available – provincial data – ISTAT (ENIT 1991);
  • Customer movements: arrivals and presences of Italian and foreign customers per type of Hotel category – provincial data – ISTAT (ENIT 1991);

    THEFTS
  • Number of reported thefts of works of art by municipality and type of container (T.P.A. – Carabinieri – 1981/1992).

    Thematic maps

  • Index of danger from depopulation; Nord; Centro; Sud;
  • Index of danger from concentration; Nord; Centro; Sud;
  • Index of danger from pressure from tourism; Nord; Centro; Sud;
  • Index of susceptibility to theft.; Nord; Centro; Sud;
  • Index of summary of anthropic danger; Nord; Centro; Sud.